Your search for comorbidities returned 53 results

General description of procedure, equipment, technique Peripheral artery disease (PAD) revascularization guidelines Standard clinical and functional classification of lower extremity PAD has been previously defined by the Fontaine and Rutherford classification (Table 1). The original Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document on Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC-2000) classification was entirely based on anatomic categories. According to…

General description of procedure, equipment, technique Transcatheter repair of the mitral valve (MV) for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) with the MitraClip system (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) is a novel, entirely percutaneous procedure requiring a transfemoral venous access (Figure 1). The system consists of a steerable guide catheter, which is inserted through a femoral access…

General description of procedure, equipment, technique Traditional management of heart failure (HF) includes medical therapy, implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), and biventricular pacemakers. Despite such advances, HF continues to carry high morbidity and mortality. Five-year mortality for all patients with HF is estimated to be 50%. For those who have progressed to end-stage HF, the 1-year…

I. Coronary Artery Disease: What every physician needs to know. Defining the presence of CAD in the HF patient Coronary artery disease (CAD) occupies a central role in the etiology of heart failure (HF). It is estimated that CAD contributes to nearly 70 % of all HF cases in the United States—exceeding that of hypertension…

General (including evidence of efficacy) Management of coronary artery disease Management of coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifaceted, including both invasive and noninvasive approaches. Among the mainstays of pharmacologic treatment, beta-blockers have proven to be both safe and efficacious in both stable CAD and in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), reducing both CAD-associated…

I. Acute Coronary Syndrome: What every physician needs to know Heart disease, which includes acute coronary syndromes (ACS), is the leading cause of death in the United States. Chest pain is a common complaint in patients at primary care offices, emergency departments, and inpatient medical services. However, the majority of patients with chest pain will…

General description of procedure, equipment, technique Since the first documented successful case of the aortocoronary bypass grafting by Dr. V. Kolesov in Leningrad in 1964, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has prolonged lives and improved quality of life of countless patients worldwide.  The primary objective of CABG is to provide unobstructed blood flow to the…

I. Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: What every physician needs to know. Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), results from malcoaptation of the aortic cusps resulting in reflux of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. AR results from diseases involving the aortic root, annulus, and/or aortic leaflets. The…

I. Coronary Artery Disease: What every physician needs to know. Approximately 27 million patients undergo noncardiac surgical procedures each year in the U.S. Of those patients, 50,000 will suffer from a myocardial infarction (MI) and 20,000 patients will die due to cardiovascular causes in the perioperative setting. With more than 6 million surgical procedures being…

I. Surgical Revascularization with CABG: What every physician needs to know. At the age of 50 years, the procedure of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has now the most solid evidence supporting its role in revascularization for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) in its history. In many respects, this interventional procedure is the most studied…