Christopher Chien

All articles by Christopher Chien

General description of procedure, equipment, technique Traditional management of heart failure (HF) includes medical therapy, implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), and biventricular pacemakers. Despite such advances, HF continues to carry high morbidity and mortality. Five-year mortality for all patients with HF is estimated to be 50%. For those who have progressed to end-stage HF, the 1-year…