Your search for comorbidities returned 53 results

I. Aortic Stenosis: What every physician needs to know. Aortic stenosis (AS) refers to any condition that narrows the orifice of the aortic valve. While once caused primarily by rheumatic heart disease, this etiology is now rare in developed countries where calcific disease is now the major cause. Historically referred to as calcific degeneration, it…

General description of procedure, equipment, technique What is cardiopulmonary exercise testing? Cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing is a provocative test that combines standard methods of electrocardiogram (ECG) stress testing with indices of gas exchange. The exercise component entails the same challenges and mechanisms as standard ECG stress testing (i.e., a progressive exercise stimulus [usually on a…

I. Anemia: What every physician needs to know. The presence of anemia in heart failure (HF) patients is associated with cognitive impairment, a higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, lower exercise capacity, worse quality of life, increased number of hospitalizations, and higher mortality. Although the prevalence and prognostic roles of anemia have been well…

I. Problem/Condition. Tachycardias include all heart rhythms with a rate > 100 bpm. They can be divided into two primary categories: ) Narrow Complex Tachycardias (NCT) which have a QRS duration < 120 msec ) Wide Complex Tachycardias (WCT) which have a QRS duration > 120 msec The NCT’s are due to rapid activation of…

I. Sleep Disordered Breathing: What every physician needs to know. Sleep disordered breathing is common in patients with cardiovascular disease and is associated with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, vascular disease, and diabetes. In particular, sleep disordered breathing has been linked to worsening heart failure, decreased left ventricular function, and left ventricular hypertrophy both directly…

I. Microvascular and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: What every physician needs to know. Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer of women in the Western world.  There is a growing body of research demonstrating sex differences in presentation, etiology, and outcomes in women with ischemic chest pain. Many studies have discovered that women are more likely…

General description of procedure, equipment, technique Venovenous collateral occlusion Venovenous collaterals can occur in patients with elevated systemic venous pressure, such as in the Fontan physiology. These vessels can result in connections from the systemic veins to the pulmonary venous return. Consequently, they can cause systemic hypoxemia and thus contribute to the polycythemia seen in…

General description of procedure, equipment, technique Most implantable electronic devices (IED) are designed to treat electrophysiologic (EP) abnormalities associated with chronic left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Chronic EP substrate problems lead to increased risk for lethal arrhythmias and/or diminished LV pump efficiency. Recently, a new type of implantable device, designed to frequently monitor pulmonary artery…

I. CAD and the Elderly: What every physician needs to know. Although age has a direct bearing on cardiovascular disease, the pace and nature of aging vary among individuals. Relative differences in biology (e.g., telomere length, genetic constitution), lifelong health habits (e.g., nutrition, exercise, dental care), cardiac risk factors (e.g., hypertension, cholesterol, tobacco, insulin resistance),…

General (including evidence of efficacy) The ability to deliver safe and effective moderate sedation is important in the performance of cardiac catheterization. The goals of procedural sedation are to ease anxiety and discomfort without compromising patient cooperation and ventilation. Moderate sedation in the catheterization laboratory is most commonly achieved with a combination of a short-acting…